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AMD is advertisement their newest GPU alleged Hawaii or R9 290X today, say acceptable to the Volcanic Islands (VI) Family. For the approved SemiAccurate readers out there, this advertisement added than annihilation agency that you ability absolutely get the joke.
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The abbreviate adventure about the VI band is that there is abandoned one VI product, that would be the Hawaii dent that this commodity focuses on. Hawaii will be accessible in two versions, the R9 290X and the R9 290 that due to embargoes and added accompanying stupidities we can’t acquaint you annihilation about until a afterwards date that we can’t acknowledge either. Two questions usually pop up in everyone’s apperception about a new GPU, amount and specs. Amount is $549 so apprehend the Nvidia GTX 780 to booty a abolitionist amount tumble soon. Specs? See below
The admirable blueprint of some of the specs, accusation AMD for the brainless part
Here are some added numbers for you, 6.2 billion transistors on a TSMC 28nm action all awash in to 438mm^2 of silicon. Four Shader Engines (SE) anniversary with one Geometry Processor (GP), 11 Compute Units (CU) in anniversary SE, and anniversary CU has 64 shaders for a absolute of 2816. Anniversary of those shaders is a third or fourth bearing GCN unit, added capacity later, for now booty a attending at how it compares to the bigger SI chip, HD7970 aka Tahiti.
The admirable blueprint of added of the specs
There are added macro improvements like the anamnesis interface which went from 384b to 512b but the acceleration absolutely went bottomward from 6GHz to 5GHz in the process. This is a absolutely acceptable affair for buyers, added on it afterwards though. Cede Back Ends go from 8 to 16, GPs go from 2 to 4, and L2 caches abound from 384K to 1MB. Hawaii can now put out 64 64b pixels per alarm as able-bodied and there are added appearance like TrueAudio ambuscade beneath the hood. Hawaii is added about attenuate capacity and efficiencies than big bangs so lets booty a attending at the capacity in, umm, detail.
At the everyman akin of organization, the shader, Hawaii is about banausic from its predecessors. The GCN architectonics that aboriginal debuted with the NI band years ago is now on its fourth bearing with absolute little differences amid now and then. The capital affair added to Hawaii is a new apprenticeship alleged MQSAD or Masked Quad Sum of Absolute Aberration with 32b Accumulation and Saturation. If you accept this akin of detail I apparently don’t charge to explain it more, if you don’t it doesn’t amount in your apple anyway.
For the assured FirePro/professional adaptation of the agenda the afterwards attention has been bigger too with built-in LOG and EXP ops absolute to 1ULP (Unit of Atomic Attention or Assemblage of Aftermost Place) which AMD claims is 2816 IEEE 2008 compliant. For gamers this means, able-bodied broad all, but for CAD aficionados it is important. The DP amount is set at 1/8th SP for artefact reasons, unless AMD did commodity radically amiss on this bearing the accouterments is acceptable able of 1/2 amount if uncorked. Yay fusing decisions by non-technical managers.
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A Hawaii Shader and Compute units looks like every added GCN CU
If you booty 64 of these GCN shaders and put a scheduler, annex unit, caches, adjustment filter, and 16 adjustment load/store units on them you accept Compute Assemblage (CU) as apparent above. If you booty 11 of these CUs and put them calm they anatomy the base of a Shader Agent (SE). Doing the algebraic for you, anniversary shader assemblage would accept 11 * 64 or 704 shaders total.
Hawaii’s Shader Engines accept 11 CUs
Each SE has a anchored cardinal of accouterments units associated with it. In this case anniversary SE has a distinct Geometry Agent (GE) and a Rasterizer with it, the Rasterizer is appealing deeply accompanying with the shaders but the GE is not. Afresh added in a bit. While there are lots and lots of caches all over the CUs, the 1MB L2 accumulation is aggregate by all four SEs. There are additionally four Cede Back-ends (RBE) in anniversary SE but that can be cut bottomward if bare or not bare as the case may be, four is not a all-important number.
The architectural overview of a Hawaii GPU
If you put four of these SEs on a dent you accept Hawaii. Absolutely there is a lot added to Hawaii than that, starting with 8 Asynchronous Compute Engines, 8 anamnesis controllers (MC) that anniversary accept two 32b channels of GDDR5, a Global Abstracts Share (aka accumulation like thingy), video encode block (VCE), video break block (UVD), TrueAudio sound, six abstracted affectation controllers (Eyefinity), two abounding DMA engines, and a Crossfire XDMA block. This aftermost one is absolutely important but afresh adhere on for a bit as to why.
You apperceive how the cardinal crunching is done at the everyman levels of the GCN shaders but the above botheration is agriculture the beasts. Best of the problems in avant-garde graphics, and to a ample admeasurement compute, is not capacity accouterments on to a die but to befitting the accouterments you accept fed. It is a abundant bigger and added difficult botheration than you think. The aboriginal akin up is the GPs and the macro alignment looks like this.
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Four Geometry Processors agency 4 triangles per clock
As we said beforehand there is one GP per SE but the affiliation is not 1:1 as intoned by the diagram. Anniversary GP can augment geometry to any SE which afresh feeds it to a cat-and-mouse shader. The GPs are temporally counterbalanced and can accelerate their after-effects to annihilation that needs it and is open. You ability anamnesis that SI GPUs like Tahiti had two GPs and activity from one to two is absolutely adamantine to do, two to added than two is a abundant easier job. In this case it is apparently a simple crossbar.
As a aftereffect Hawaii can handle up to four primitives per clock, adjustment can acutely accumulate that cardinal absolutely a bit admitting too. To accumulate things from blockage best of the afterlight assignment on the VI GPs was in the caching and I/O. The constant and position caches were continued and a load/store assemblage was put in as well. The abstraction was that hopefully the after-effects of the adjustment action consistently break on die and for the best allotment Hawaii achieves that. If not the off-chip buffering was additionally abundantly bigger at atomic as far as ability is concerned.
In the abounding architectonics diagram the absolute top band had 8 ACEs and one Cartoon Command Processor (GCP). Like the beforehand GCN based GPUs the GCP is there to administer cartoon workloads and the ACEs are there to do the above for compute workloads. Eight to one should acquaint you about what avant-garde cartoon workloads entail, putting triangles up on the awning is the about accessible part, tweaking them and abacus all the furnishings that a avant-garde GPU is able of is the circuitous part.
Things get absolutely absorbing back attractive at the ACEs, all 8 of them. Their action didn’t change much, already afresh they are a command processor and parser for compute aggressive workloads. On the added duke their anatomy afflicted a lot, as did their arrangement. AMD didn’t absolutely allocution about the CI generation, that would be the one dent alleged Bonaire, but it all started there and Hawaii is mainly an addendum of that.
8 ACEs agency abundant added compute throughput
Each ACE is absolute and anniversary ACE has up to 8 queues associated with it and can admission the L2 and GDS for data. They additionally assignment in alongside with the GCP so you can accept a absolute of nine absolute instructions handed to the CUs per clock. With 8 queues anniversary ACE is finer eight threaded as able-bodied so there can be a lot of accoutrement in flight afore a college akin of software has to get involved.
Task switching on the ACE is temporal, afterwards a set cardinal of clocks or instructions it goes on to the abutting one. If a chain runs dry or is non-existent it is acutely skipped over so the cessation is a little variable, anticipate hardly able annular robin. Needless to say the about-face cessation is acutely low, acceptable aught in aftereffect due to pipelining. Anniversary chain is aloof a arrow to the anatomy absorber or alike capital anamnesis and do agenda that in Hawaii the absolute anamnesis amplitude is flat.
Each ACE has admission to all of the CUs and like the GPs if there is a assignment accessible there is about absolutely commodity cat-and-mouse to assignment on it. ACEs accepting admission to every CU is a above footfall appear appliance efficiency, it will be absorbing to see how able-bodied it does back absolute benchmarks appear out. It will be far added absorbing to see how it does back Kaveri is appear too, but that is a bit off topic.
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Another associated bit is the above anamnesis controllers and bifold DMA units. The anamnesis controllers are claimed to be far added able and use 20% beneath breadth than the 384b ambassador in Tahiti. 20% faster and 20% abate seems a bit odd for a 33% added ambassador but the acumen for it is absolutely simple, admiral of two. With a ability of two anamnesis amplitude there was no charge to put batten in advanced of the anamnesis controllers so that breadth was saved. Not accepting to accomplish a few added switches additionally agency faster and lower cessation throughput as well. The bifold DMA engines can bathe a PCIe3 16x bus so accepting abstracts on and off the agenda itself shouldn’t be a botheration either.
The anamnesis ambassador architectonics is based on those in Bonaire with abandoned accessory changes but Hawaii runs them decidedly slower than the two bearing beforehand Tahiti. Why did we alarm a 5.0GHz GDDR5 interface a acceptable affair earlier? Easy, Bonaire had a screamingly fast anamnesis controller, it wasn’t adamantine to acquisition one that would alarm to added than 7.0GHz, way more, if you had the appropriate memory. This wasn’t aureate sample or duke able anamnesis aloof boilerplate chips and accidental anamnesis would generally overclock like mad. So anticipate about a bankrupt up adaptation of that, alert as advanced and clocked absolute low. Afresh anticipate about the appropriate copy 290XXX’s or whatever that will absolutely appear out soon. Afresh grin.
Last up afore the pixels go out, that would be 64*64b pixels per alarm to the screen, is the Cede Back Ends (RBE). Not abandoned is the calculation angled but they can additionally do 256 Z tests/stencil ops per alarm now too. Why did AMD beef this allotment up afterwards abrogation it appealing abundant abandoned for absolutely a while? 4K. We told you about AMD’s 4K advances like VESA Affectation ID v1.3 earlier, and there are some Hawaii specific advances there too like distinct cable 60Hz support. Unfortunately afterwards the massive stupidities about the fractional acknowledgment and embargoes like actuality able to allocution about the 290X but not the 290, we can’t be agitated to go into detail. If AMD anytime decides to not comedy acknowledgment amateur they will apparently get us to affliction about added things like this in absolute detail.
The aftermost above basic of Hawaii is apparently the best important part, the new Crossfire XDMA agent we hinted at earlier. There is of advance no Crossfire adapter on Hawaii/VI, if you see one it is an beforehand bearing chip. This abatement of a adapter may assume like a accident but the aftereffect is abundant bigger achievement and reliability. Back AMD doesn’t accept to array a little adapter accoutrement in the box either it is additionally hardly cheaper but that doesn’t amount abundant on a $549 GPU.
The XDMA agent marks the better distinct check of Crossfire back it’s inception. You ability anamnesis that the old way had the agenda that was affiliated to the adviser cull abstracts from the added cards anon in to the affectation engine. It was a aloof in time pull, a absolutely rendered angel was affective and ashore in a absolute baby affectation absorber with absolutely bound timing tolerances.
If there was any discharge or delays the anatomy could be missed, commodity that is added than a abstract problem. If resolutions were aerial there could additionally be overflow problems as well, and afresh this isn’t theoretical. Crossfire pre-VI has a ton of abeyant problems and as anatomy ante rose and affectation sizes increased, things became alike added tenuous. In abbreviate the accepted timing based accomplishing was active out of gas absolute quickly.
Enter XDMA, avenue connectors, all bare abstracts is now pulled over the PCIe bus via DMA. A requesting agenda can ability out to the appropriate ambition and about grab, or at atomic ask nicely, for what it needs. This additionally allows for an absolute cardinal of cards in Crossfire but we forgot to ask how many. In any case eight cards should be achievable if commodity abroad doesn’t aqueduct things first.
What is the XDMA engine? It is absolutely aloof a affectation ambassador affiliated to the affectation agent so it can be timing acquainted but clashing the beforehand way it isn’t timing dependent. This is a attenuate but key difference. The agenda with the adviser affiliated is now able to prefetch the abstracts it needs continued afore it needs it. The old Crossfire basically requested back it was needed, not before, and if annihilation burped things got ugly. The new XDMA adaptation has abundant added adjustable algorithms to both adumbrate and back what it needs continued afore it needs the data. Accumulator is additionally above and added flexible, afresh based on algebraic ascendancy rather than fixed.
In abbreviate as anon as a cede apparent is enabled on the announcement agenda the abstracts can be requested from the source. The accumulator amplitude is additionally affirmed to be able as able-bodied and annihilation is aloof in time commitment so accessory bumps in the night don’t about-face in to absent frames. This should not abandoned acquiesce added ascent for agenda count, affectation counts, and awning sizes, but additionally college believability too. It will be absorbing to see if this opens up multi-card, multi-monitor Crossfire solutions, with a bit of able software hacks, assorted cards anniversary with affiliated monitors is at atomic apparently possible. Hmmm, Pi.
A few added $.25 of trivia to bung about on Hawaii starting with those four SEs. They breach the awning up in to a tiled breadth area anniversary SE finer takes a asphalt set based on a lot of altered metrics. Finer the GPU internally amount balances above tiles and SEs but back this is all absolutely centralized and will never be apparent it is abandoned trivia. Given the achievement of Hawaii it appears to assignment absolutely nicely.
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Hawaii additionally supports DX11.2-BS as in DirectX 11.2 is a BS spec. As with 11.1 that basically accumulated DirectCompute and DX11 but absolutely added aught on top of it, DX11.2 adds such accessory capacity that it isn’t account mentioning. What it does do about is accord the technically benighted a acumen to advancement from their ‘outdated’ DX11/11.1 cards. Don’t advancement for 11.2, advancement for the blow of the aliment that are in the card, there are absolutely a few aces ones.
One affair you may apprehension we absolutely skipped was any acknowledgment of alarm speeds, 947MHz max in this case, and TDPs. There is a absolutely acceptable acumen for that and it is alleged Powertune. Absolutely the beforehand cards had Powertune too so this should be alleged Powertune Two too. Or Powertune Three or something, we’re not abiding what bearing is what anymore. That said the new adaptation is abundant of a massive change that it makes alarm speeds and TDPs affectionate of anachronistic and deserves an all-embracing attending that is able-bodied above the ambit of this article. Break tuned.S|A
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